Migration of Insects, Moths & Vermin Trouble is still frequently experienced with infestation of various cargoes by various types of insects. Beetles and moths continue to play chaos, especially with cereals carried by sea and also, of course, on land. According to publications of Agriculture, the most predominant infestations found were Cadelle (tenebroides mauritanicus), the
We move to action because we are motivated to do so. If we do not move to action then this happens because either we are not (naturally) motivated or we are demotivated (externally) thus, it is obvious that motivation comes from within. We are naturally inclined to act according to our intrinsic motivating factors. Motivation
A brief overview The Roots of the Traditional Industrial Insurance Classes The origins of insurance can be traced back to classical antiquity, and there is proof of the first forms of transport insurance back in 2250 B.C. Merchants first started conducting insurance in the mid-14th century in the Mediterranean region. The oldest marine insurance contracts
General Principles Some Carriers and Forwarders have regarded claims handlers simply as administrators in the broadest sense, just organisers of paperwork and administrative procedures who have no commitment to a specific discipline. They fail to see that claims handlers must be specialised operational staff who deal with the more difficult facets of customer relations. This
Having discussed the essential features of general average it is now suitable to examine the detailed York-Antwerp Rules dealing with sacrifice and expenditure. It will be remembered that these are the numbered Rules, which according to the Rule of Interpretation, take importance over the lettered Rules where any conflict arises. Sacrifice usually involves the jettison
LLOYD'S The Early Days The early London coffee houses were centres not only of commerce and literature, but of debate. They also had a political influence which moved Charles II to attempt, unsuccessfully, their suppression as "nurseries of sedition and rebellion". Among the innumerable 17th century London coffee houses was one called "Lloyd's Coffee House
What is a deck cargo? Lashing and securing The phrase ‘deck cargoes’ refers to objects and/or commodities carried on the weather-deck and/or hatch-covers of a ship and thereon exposed to sun, wind, rain, snow, ice and sea, so that the packaging must be fully resistant to, or the commodities themselves not be denatured by such
A cargo insurer expects the possibility: should there be a loss, of exercising subrogation rights against any carrier or other bailee legally responsible for the loss. It follows that any unusual agreement reached by the assured with his carriers, exempting them from liability, or limiting their liability, must be disclosed. "The arrangements must be
General Average A basic understanding of general average (GA) is important to a surveyor and when a GA is declared by a shipowner it can provide a great deal of survey work, often involving several surveyors acting for the different parties. It is recommended that surveyors study the subject from one of the texts listed
SELLER’S INTEREST INSURANCE COVER 1. To include all FOB, C & F, and other sending where insured is not responsible for placing Marine Insurance cover. 2. The goods described in this policy are insured against the risks specified in the contract however, this insurance covers Sellers Interest only. Claims in respect of loss and/or
